Innovations in Financial Products Have Contributed to the Current Financial Crisis” a Discusses This Statement

â€Å"Innovations in financial products have contributed to the current financial crisis† A  discusses this statement. Introduction What is Financial Crisis? A financial crisis is when the value of a financial institutions or assets declines suddenly, where investors sell off assets or withdraw their money due to the fear that the value of the assets would drop. E. g. Of a financial crisis are: * Banking Panics * Stock market crashes * Bursting of financial bubbles * Currency crisis. (http://provimet. weebly. com/uploads/2/4/3/4/2434228/global_financial_crisis. df) What is Financial Innovations? Financial innovations are ongoing development of financial instruments designed to achieve a specific objectives, such as offsetting a risk exposure (i. e. default of a borrower) or to assist with obtaining financing. Financial innovation can either be product or process. Process are developments demonstrated by new means of distributing securities, processing transactions or pricing transactions, while product innovations embodied by new derivative contracts, new corporate securities or new form of pooled investment products.Examples that relate to the crisis include the adjustable rate mortgage . i. e. the packing of subprime mortgages into Mortgage Backed Securities (MBS) or Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO) for sale to investors, a type of securitization and a form of credit insurance called Credit Default Swaps (CDS), Collateralized Mortgage Obligation (CMO) The use of these products extended radically in the years prime to the crisis. These products differ in complexity and the simplicity with which they can be valued on the books of financial institutions. http://www3. weforum. org/docs/WEF_FS_RethinkingFinancialInnovation_Report_2012. pdf)(http://www. scribd. com/doc/47101947/Financial-Crisis-of-2007-2010). The purpose of this assignment is to discuss how the innovations in the financial products contributed to the current financial crisis. In this paper I also examine what these financial innovations are and how they contribute to the current financial crisis. Some of these financial innovations I will look at are CDO’s, CDS, and MBS. Financial Innovation and the Financial CrisisThese are many factors played a part in the financial crisis and financial innovation was one of the factors but it did not only cause the financial crisis but to some degree it did contribute to the crisis due to it misuse and lack of information and the under pricing of the risk involve in some of the financial product. Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO) Collateralized debt obligations are asset backed security that is package together in a different range of debt obligations or bank loans package into a financial security that is divided up into various tranches, each level having a different maturity and risk.The greater the risk, the more the CDO pays. The type of CDO tranches include; Equity, Junior, Mezzanine, and Senior tranche. The equity tranche been the riskiest level and while senior tranche is the safest of the CDO. The development of CDOs resulted in more liquidity in the economy. They permit banks to sell their debt, and freed up more capital to invest or loan. Due to the additional liquidity this eventual lead to an asset bubbles in the housing market and credits crisis. So how did the CDO play a role in the financial crisis?During the early part of the crisis CDO assets started to decrease in value due to the rise in subprime mortgage default. CDO products began to underperform, the opacity of the products with view to the character and quality of the assets that underlined their value; leading to the discouragement in the investors and also led to panic in market about exposed institutions and CDO underwriters. As a result, CDO had lets banks and other financial institutions to increase their leveraged bet on the housing market, increasing returns in the short run escalating the damage once suspicions were raised.Investors did not know the value of the CDOs they were investing into due to the complexity of the product. Synthetic CDO increase profits on the benefit as the housing boomed however, as doubts occurs; they were use as instrument investor’s utilize to creates a short position on the disadvantage of the housing market. CDOs where use to put money in the mortgage market therefore persuading investors into thinking they were investing in a safe instruments that were establish on low quality assets. The value of CDOs helped in creating the damage of the financial crisis.MBS create a void among the originator of mortgage risk and the ultimate holder of that risk, this void was considerably broad by CDOs. On the other hand Synthetic CDOs broke the link completely and permit investors to make an unrestricted number of bets on a key risk they did not understand. The complexity of the CDO and synthetic CDO structures was a problem. The cloudiness of the products made it hard to estimate the value thereby discouraged investors from fully understanding the risk that come with CDO investments. (Class Note by Joe Naughton), (http://www3. eforum. org/docs/WEF_FS_RethinkingFinancialInnovation_Report_2012. pdf) . Credit Default Swaps (CDS) A Credit Default Swaps is a credit derivative and a form of insurance policy on a bond or a loan. The protection buyer buys protection and makes regular payments just like an insurance premium, while the protection seller sells protection and takes the premium but agree to pay off the protection buyer in the event of a default . i. e. the CDS purchaser pays a fee in order to transfer the risk of a default to the CDS seller.A CDS contract can last for a number of years and obliges that the seller of the protection offer collateral to make sure that the buyer will be paid if the seller where to default. CDS offers numerous advantages to individual participants that use them to hedge risk during the financial crisis and fo llowing economic downturn. Credit default swaps play a significant role in the financial crisis by contributing to the CDO market and its difficulties. CDS permit CDO mangers to make hybrid and synthetic CDOs at a huge pace.CDS allows hedge funds to perform complex hedging and linkage that enable the purchase of junior and equity tranche. The CDS market lets investors and institutions to transfer risk, from the CDO market and elsewhere, to CDS issuers that were not in a position to assume the risk. One of the role CDS played in the financial crisis was that it was able to transfer credit risk through CDS which make it hard to estimate the riskiness of a specific intermediaries. One of the issues also was that bank were able to buys and sells CDS that was not show in their balance sheet.This lack of disclosure makes it much more problematic for a bank counterparties to tell how risky it is. The lack of transparency in the CDS market made the financial system exposed to a shock that t hreatens trust in counterparties. CDS sellers became more exposed to a collapse by several sellers; this is due to the fact that a great number of CDS were trade over the counter (OTC), instead of in an exchange. And in an OTC market it is impossible for a seller to know what several buyers are doing with others.An example is AIG was a victim of the CDS market because the firm misinterpret the risks of the CDS market and sold an excessive amount of credit protection through CDSs deprived not having an enough capital in a loss reserve. (Class Note by Joe Naughton) (http://www3. weforum. org/docs/WEF_FS_RethinkingFinancialInnovation_Report_2012. pdf) (http://www. mhhe. com/economics/cecchetti/Cecchetti2_Ch09_CDS. pdf) Mortgage Backed Security (MBS) Mortgage Backed Security is an asset backed security or a debt obligation by a mortgage or collection of mortgages loans.They are bundle together into pools and sold as a single security. This is known as securitization. .i. e. banks lend m oney to an individual to buy a house in return the bank will collects monthly payment on the loan. The loan is then sold to a bigger bank that packages the loan together into a mortgage backed security. The bank then issues shares of this security, called tranches to investors who buy then and ultimately collect the dividends in the form of a monthly mortgage payment. These tranches can be further repackaged as other securities, called collateralized debt obligations (CDO) and then sold.Mortgage backed security played a major role in the financial crisis of 2008, due to the increasing demand for MBS from investors eventually played a part in the financial market meltdown. The demand for MBS increased on mortgages of all risk, including subprime, which lead lenders to move towards the â€Å"Originate to distribute† business model, with the explicit intention of securitizing and selling the mortgages after completing them. The MBS tranches rating by the rating agencies led to b elieve that risks were understood and the investment were safe.If the MBS had not been given investment grade ratings then the degree of the financial crisis would have been significantly less. The criterion on the MBS was relax making it easy to participate, therefore the market began endorsing different types of mortgages with a more risky kind that amplified the risk of a default to MBS investors. The MBS market was not regulated which also allowed financial institutions other bank to participate in the mortgage business. Mortgage backed security have weakness that was not accurately controlled in the run up to the crisis.Originate to distribute model spark off a behavioural changes in the market, from consumers to investment banks, that were not expected but that could have been monitored and managed by the industry and its regulators. (http://www3. weforum. org/docs/WEF_FS_RethinkingFinancialInnovation_Report_2012. pdf) (http://money. howstuffworks. com/mortgage-backed-security . htm) Financial innovation can not be held solely accountable for the financial crisis but it did contribute a great deal to the crisis and to the extent of the damage.The risk associated with financial innovation was not properly calculated, inturn in more credit default to occur. Financial innovation has benefits to the economy but due to the current financial crisis financial innovation has receive a lot of negative view as a result of the misused and badly managed of the products and also due to the fact that they were insufficiently thought out and the misapplication of the innovations that might have a positive impact on the economy. But collateralized debt obligations and credit default swaps have done a lot of damage than good.Bibliography Bruno G, 2012. Rethinking Financial Innovation (online). Available from: http://www3. weforum. org/docs/WEF_FS_RethinkingFinancialInnovation_Report_2012. pdf . (20 November 2012). (Online) Available from: http://www. mhhe. com/economics/c ecchetti/Cecchetti2_Ch09_CDS. pdf. (20 November 2012). (Online) Available from: http://www. scribd. com/doc/47101947/Financial-Crisis-of-2007-2010 (12 November 2012) (Online) Available from: http://provimet. weebly. com/uploads/2/4/3/4/2434228/global_financial_crisis. pdf (12 November 2012).

Kinh Do Bakery

Executive summary This report was aimed at analyzing current issues in the organizational environment of KDC and providing recommendation for the company to improve its performance regarding environment. The analysis focuses on the external environment of KDC. Overall, KDC has a quite favorable external environment to a certain extent to make out the most of it. However, each of the factors in its external environment have good and bad effects on its outcome, realizing and understanding all of which can help the corporation to exploit the most from the environment and avoid mistakes reducing its achievements.External environment is divided into general and specific factors. In the general environment, economics is enduring massive fluctuations, making customers cut down expenditure and turn to economically efficient products. The political condition in Vietnam is stable, appropriating for applying in a long time. Whereas, the life styles of people are under a considerable change, the y adopt time- saving meals, which is an opportunity for instant foods of KDC. Nevertheless, the instant foods are also proved not to be so good for health.Finally, beside a potential domestic market, which possesses an ideal population structure, as Vietnam joined in WTO, it comes a chance of extending KDC’s market into the world. In the specific environment, because of the significant drop in people’s income comparing to real value of commodity, the purchasing power of customers decreases. The widespread of fake and low quality goods turns out to be an opportunity for KDC as people trust in established organizations.Regard the potentiality of confectionery industry development in Vietnam, it is easy to understand the vast number of KDC’s rivalries in the market, and despite the leading role of KDC, the others have their own considerably outstanding strengths. KDC has a wide variety of suppliers both from domestic and abroad, which bring not only benefits but al so disadvantages due to the differences in price and the distance to deliver. Finally, pressure groups always react in case of wrongdoings.With a view to solve the problems and exploit the market, KDC should cut down the price, diversify the products, build development and extend plans. They also should consider more about the responsiveness to the consumers and society I. Introduction KD is a big corporation which is the combination of many subsidiaries and each of which has the specialized production. However, when it comes to the brand name of KDC, people often associate it with the confectionary production, which is under implement of Kinh Do Bakery.Established in 1993, after 19 years of development, this company has become the leading one in the food industry. KDC is considered to be one of the well-known joint- stock company which is not only dominating in the market of Vietnam but also expanding to the international scope. In the recent years, though the economic recession ha s put a lot of pressure on the well-being of many companies, KDC still has the good performance and even make the incredibly high profit in the stock market of Vietnam.The annual report of KDC reveals that in 2011, the revenue increased by 32% and on average every SBU achieved the growth level of 2 digits. As food processing is the main production activities and also the base for the development of the whole group, the annual turnover from this section strikingly accounts for nearly 90% of the total revenue for the corporation. The customer that KDC targets at is the Vietnamese one especially children because normally, the confectionary good is more preferred by this group than the adults.Therefore, what the company is producing and providing to the market is of various kinds including candies, cakes, soft drinks, ice cream and other product made from milk. In addition, they have the desire for bringing their products to the world market to consolidate their position and get more pr ofit. No matter what strategic goal that KDC aims at, they always consistently follow the mission of the company which providing customers with the safe, delicious and nutritious products and trying to meet the changing their needs to fulfill the dream of making life better day by day.By that way, KDC can maintain its long-established reputation in the food industry as well as sustainable and non-stop development in the future. II. External environment analysis of KDC 1. General environment like any other organizations KDC is affected by its general environment which includes economic, political , sociocultural, demographic, technological and global conditions. 2. 1 Economic conditions Recently, Vietnam’s economy has been undergoing massive fluctuations which have affected almost companies including KDC.First of all, the years ranging from 2008 up until now, the issues of escalating inflation and high interest rate have posed numerous threats to businesses (Tu 2011). It is un doubted that those components of the economy have changed spending behaviors of customers, who may cut down their expenditures on luxuries as well as become more critical about what to buy and how much to buy. This may be a real challenge for KDC since the corporation is well known for high quality and costly products. 2. 2 Political/ legal conditionsThere is no doubt that political and legal situation of each nation always exerts profound effects on its business performance. In terms of politics, it is widely accepted that political environment in Vietnam is relatively stable, which gives KDC an opportunity to apply its development policies in a longer time frame without having to follow various political institutions. Concerning legal aspect, Vietnam Government provides and enforces Business Law by which an organization operates. For instance, in May1st, 2012 the Tuotre. vn reported that Vietnam Government passed through the Law which required higher minimum salary.Consequently, K DC had to spend more on salary for its employees. Hence, legal environment in Vietnam not only brings about advantages to a confectionary producing firm like KD but also creates barriers to the expansion and development of the corporation. 2. 3 Sociocultural conditions In recent years, Vietnam’s society and cultures have been experiencing considerable changes, which brings about the change in consumers’ life styles. One of which is adopting time saving meals instead of traditional ones, which is beneficial for instant foods industry- the major of KDC.This can be regarded as a big opportunity for all the businesses which manufacture instant food like KDC. Meanwhile, there is also another dominant trend in today’s society which to some extent may affect KDC. That is the shift in the Vietnamese perception in the importance of health in their lives. Thus, it is trendy now that more and more people put much emphasis on food hygene and safety when making choices of fo od. It means that they are tending to consume the products which are rooted in long-established and well-known brands.This is undeniably an obvious advantage to KDC which is by far top-of-mind company in Vietnam food industry. However, it is also posing challenges for KDC considering the confectionary sector. It is universally known that the products such as candies, cream cakes and so on are among the major causes of obesism, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and other serious problems (Bang 2011). As a result, people in modern culture with educational improvements have been gradually changing their tastes to adjust to products which contain low fat and cholesterol intake.This would be a big issue for KDC which operates in the field of manufacturing products with high volume of sugar, milk and butter. This is a big challenge for KDC to innovate the ingredients in its products to meet these new requirements from its customers. 2. 4 Demographic conditions As reported in the C IA World Factbook in 2011, Vietnam has an ideal population structure, consisting of more than 90% of youth and mature people within working age. This has contributed to creating a vibrant and potential market for KDC in private and food industry in general.Moreover, this striking pattern in age structure of the country also brings about a significant benefit for KDC, which does business in food manufacturing sector with high demand for labors. 2. 5 Technological conditions It is obvious that technology is a very active element filled with numerous opportunities and threats to enterprises. First of all, as widely accepted, the introduction of modern technology helps simplify a variety of complicated and time-consuming manufacturing processes, contributing to optimizing efficiency and improving profits for many firms.However, in Vietnam, it seems to be an immense challenge since there is a shortage of qualified staffs to meet the new requirements of knowledge economy such in-depth und erstanding of advancements in science and technology. In addition, our country also ranks behind many other countries in the world in the field of technological applications as well as transferring. According to the Report of the World Economic Forum (WEF) published in recent years concerning technology indicators, the order of our country is 92 out of 117 hile that of Thailand is 43. Hence, it can be concluded that this would an immense challenge for KDC to cope with technological issues today given the explosion of newly emerging technologies, which has and has been making existing ones become quickly obsolete and need innovating much more frequently than ever. 2. 6 Global conditions As reported in the VTC news, Vietnam has officially become a member of the World Trade Organization-WTO. This has marked an important turning point in the country’s development in all aspects.In terms of economy, joining the WTO has given domestic enterprises an opportunity to integrate into th e global economy, expanding their scope of market. Nevertheless, it may also pose threats to many firms as it would attract more and more foreign investment into the country, creating harsh competition in domestic economy. KDC may also be put under this threat unless it could reinforce its outstanding position in customers’ mind. In addition, the opening of the country’s economy to the global one also means that our economy will be influenced by fluctuations in other economies.In recent years, the whole world has been suffering a long period of economic downturn, which has resulted in a dramatic decrease in purchasing power even in developed countries. Thus, not only KDC but also numerous enterprises all over the world would have to address this problem to gain an outstanding position in the gloomy picture of global economy. 2. Specific environment 3. 7 Customer According to Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter, the specific environment is the external factors directly affecting managers’ decisions and actions and is of the most relevant components to the achievement of the organization’s goals (Robbins2009, p. 8). As specific environment is unique to each organization, it is worth analyzing the specific environment of KDC to find out its opportunities and threats. Customers seem to be first mentioned as an organization’s existence is for their demands. Consequently, this is the objective that organizations have to satisfy initially. Naturally, customers always want to buy goods at the lowest price and highest quality, which pushes organizations to race in the field of price and product’s quality pressure.It is quite challenging in the case of price pressure as the price of inputs is increasing faster over time whereas the income and purchasing power of consumers are limited. According to the Vietnam economic forum, in 2009, GDP of Vietnam decreased by 51 years in comparison with Indonesia, 95 years with Thailand and 15 8 years in comparison with Singapore (Le Khac 2012). In the article titled â€Å"Moi lo lon: gia ca tang cao thu nhap tang cham† (2007), the author also mentioned about the alarmingly increasing trend of necessary goods including food, which had strong negative impacts on the living standard of people with low income.Despite the increase of production cost, organizations still have to maintain their quality of goods because without it, consumers will reduce their purchase. Especially in the context of fake goods and low quality goods widely spread in the market, the challenge that KDC has to face is not easy. The article â€Å" sua kem chat luong, banh keo qua ‘dat’ tran lan† (2005) reveals that market control forces discovering successively increasingly cases of producing and delivering fake and low quality goods, included products faking KDC’s, which absolutely negatively affects the prestige of the company.However, the number of consumers trustin g in KDC and buying its products always ranks first in comparison with other domestic confectionery companies, showing the advantage of it over the rivals, the total revenue of 4 other largest companies in term of confectionery which are Hai Ha, Huu Nghi, Biscafun and QNS is only equal to 73% of KDC’s (2012). One more problem that the company itself realized is that the bird flu, which affects the quality and price of eggs_ the major ingredients in making KDC’s products, raised the cost of production and reduced the sale of the products (2012). . 8 Competitors Although KDC is the largest confectionery company in Vietnam, it does not mean that it can eternally maintain the current position without caring about other less successful companies and other kinds of competitors. The main current rivalries of KDC are Hai Ha, Huu Nghi, Biscafun and QNS. While KDC focused on the high and medium grade products, others tend to pursue producing the common grade products. And wherea s KDC is the leader in the market share of moon cake, AFC and sweet biscuit, those 4 companies also ave their strong positions in other products: BBC lead in candy market, HHC lead in chew and Jelly market, Huu Nghi well-known for Tet jam and industrial salty bread, which also bring them great profit and still tremendously potential to exploit (2012), from the research, we realize that although the way KDC is following is highly profitable and still grow fast, it may be rather risky when the income of consumers is low and they cannot afford its products in the future, in that case, they can turn to other brands.It also exists the case of consumers changing their tastes, and demand more the products that KDC does not focus to, which can reduce sharply its sale revenue. Additionally, the confectionery industry is one of the most potential industries in Vietnam ( from 2008 to 2012 the production of confectionery increases by 114. 7% per year despite the depression  (2007), so the cha nce of new entrants coming to it and take parts of KDC market share is of high likelihood 3. 9 SuppliersRegardless of however potential the market is, without suppliers, a company cannot perform anything. Suppliers, defined as who provide not only materials and equipment but also financial and labor resource, play a crucial role on the well-being of companies. In the case of KDC, the suppliers of raw materials are determined by its vision and mission. As the quality of products is what factory puts the most emphasis on, KDC has a tendency to coordinating with the partners of high prestige supplying high quality and clearly-rooted materials.The main inputs such as sugar, eggs, flour, admixtures are taken from the domestic market while milk powder and chocolate are from the global one, particularly, France, Thailand, Australia, and New Zealand. It can be acknowledged as an opportunity of KDC because the materials in the internal market are always available and it just has to deal with negligible carrying cost. Whereas, the wider spread of supplier network over the world market enables KDC to be flexible in ensuring the inputs for production.Along with the opportunities, suppliers also pose a lot of threats to the company in different ways, the first of which is through prices. As announced in the annual report of KDC in 2011, due to the inflation, the firm suffers from dramatically increasing and unstable prices of material together with the rises in salary and utilities expense, which leads to a significant drop in total revenue of KDC. Moreover, as KDC imports some materials from the external market, they are the price takers. Therefore, they will encounter some problems because of the fluctuations in the world prices.Back to the domestic market, the changing prices of inputs, especially sugar is really a pending issue. Not only KDC but also many confectionery producing corporations also get exhausted with the discrepancy between the sugar price at the beginni ng and the end of the harvest. While the price of confectionery does not change by 10 % per year, the sugar price fluctuates by nearly 30% (Hung, cited in thesaigontimes. vn, 2012) What is more, company effectiveness of performance is reduced significantly by supply chain disruption especially in global sourcing.Rob Handfield (2011, p3) points out that the delay in supplying can cut down shareholder value by as much as 10% or even worse in ‘time-sensitive† environments where early market introduction is critical to success. KDC also gets part of its inputs from the external market through shipping so it is impossible to avoid the risk of supply chain disruption, which means a great deal of time and money wasted. 3. 10 Pressure groups. One more factor that a firm often has to bear in mind derives from pressure groups, which are the ones attempting to influence the actions of organization.Every organization has its own pressure groups and as for KDC, the 2 groups that have the role in regulating KDC’s performances are Environmental Protection Group and Customer Right Protection Group. The EPG takes investigation of the treatment to wastes from production activities of KDC to determine whether it does harm to environment or not. If there is any problem, they will reflect it through the medium to force the company to correct it or make some compensation. The CRPG monitors the action of KDC from the step of taking inputs to processing and packaging to ensure it is safe to the health of customers.As the social attitudes change so does the power of pressure groups. In 2008, KDC had been blamed for using milk powder that contains melamine- one toxic substance- to produce cakes. Under the pressure of media, KDC had to carry out a careful test to make sure that the production was absolutely reliable. ( Thao, cited in baomoi. com,2008) | | | | | III. Recommendations In term of specific environment, as confectionery demand is rather elastic due to its e normous number of close substitutes, the lower the price is, the higher the demand is, especially in these dark days of the economy.Hence, it is obvious that KDC should take a set of actions in terms of price to motivate consumers to purchase more such as reducing the price of products, or giving promotions when they buy a certain large amount. Such programs will not only raise the company’s revenue but also make its reputation much more well-known. The marketing work also should be taken into consideration since the current advertising campaign of KDC is not of high effectiveness. Thus to make the quality of its products known and then highly regarded by people, it should promote advertising and marketing strategy.As regard competition, to be more competitive to best exploit the market, it is thought that KDC should research and build development plans, diversifying its products and expanding to other markets, this will both helps KDC to avoid the case of lower revenue due t o the change of consumers’ taste and bring about enormously larger revenue if successful. For the suppliers, the careful analysis over opportunities and threats that supplier chains bring about gives the implications for the company to direct its actions. As for KDC, to minimize the negative impacts of suppliers, it has to face 2 ill-minded questions.The first one is how to reduce the purchasing prices of inputs. To enjoy the low-cost sourcing, it is advised that KDC should make a periodical purchase with extreme amount of materials. By that way, KDC is benefit from the great negotiation power over its partners about the prices. Another question is how to manage the risks from tardy delivery progress. According to Handfield, the most critical action is to develop the supplies chain strategies to detect the problems, assess the negative impacts and also mitigate them.In the case of KDC, they should sign the strict contracts with its partners, forcing them to adhere to the cont racts to ensure about the delivery progress. Moreover, it is better for KDC to make plans of frequently checking the materials left to be active in ensuring the inputs for manufacturing. Besides suppliers, KDC should pay attention to the pressure groups. The only way to get out of the impacts of them is doing things right. In particular, KDC is encouraged to give priority to the customer rights by providing the safe goods to consumers with appropriate prices.Moreover, it is necessary to develop a business plan of manufacturing parallel with protecting environment. It is the way KDC performs its social responsibility. Turning to external forces in the general environment, there is no denying that KDC should take these components into thorough consideration. Concerning opportunities, the firm should understand and take advantage of them to reinforce its competitive advantage over other competitors. For instance, in terms of demography, Vietnam seems to be a dynamic and potential marke t for confectionary products.Therefore, KDC should seek the ways to expand their scope of production as well as diversifying their items to meet new requirements from different customers. Turning to the issues that are generated by the general environment, the firm should stay alert and pay more attention to them if it does not want to be put under serious losses. Specifically, it is obvious that KDC should take into account the fluctuations in the open market as well as changes in the Government rules and regulations to respond quickly and make appropriate adjustments for its strategic management.IV. Conclusion To sum up, it is concluded with no doubt that KDC is doing an extremely good business, which brings about a strikingly high economic profit and also gets the KD’s brand name familiar with the customers in the domestic market as well as the global one. To attain this achievement, beside some internal factors of the company such as the good manager, skillful employees o r great capital, the external environment of KDC also makes a significant contribution.The general factor, which include economic, demographic, technological, social, cultural, political/legal, global, though do not have the direct impacts on the performance of KDC, they still serve as the frame to set the standard for all business activities. On the contrary, KDC is influenced by four specific elements namely customers, suppliers, competitors and pressure groups. They act as the determinants of the success or failure of KDC. Hence, it is required for KDC to carefully understand the opportunities as well as threats that these factors pose on the company to have the right direction for development in the future.REFERENCE ‘Danh sach nha cung c? p nguyen li? u cho Kinh Do. ’ 2011 [online] Available at URL : . http://www. tuhaoviet. vn/index. php/tin-tuc/tieu-diem/199-dac-diem-cua-nganh-banh-keo-viet-nam#. ULFf_4c2aIU. KDC (Accessed on November 24,2012) Hung, 2012, ‘ Nien v? mia du? ng 2012/13 : cu? c chi? n gia c? ’ [online] Available at URL : http://www. thesaigontimes. vn/Home/kinhdoanh/dautu/84914/Nien-vu-mia-duong-2012/13-Cuoc-chien-gia-ca. html. ( Accessed on November 24, 2012) Thao, 2008, ‘ Kinh Do: s? a nguyen li? u khong ch? a melamine’ [online] Available at URL : http://www. baomoi. om/Kinh-Do-sua-nguyen-lieu-khong-chua-melamine/82/2048232. epi ( Accessed on November 25, 2012) Rob Handfield, 2011, ‘Reducing the impact of disruptions to supply chain’ Bang 2011, ‘11 sai l? m d? n d? n beo phi’ [online] Available at URL: http://www. eva. vn/suc-khoe/11-sai-lam-dan-den-beo-phi-c131a64320. html (Accessed on November 24 2012) CIA World Factbook 2012, ‘Vietnam Demographics profile 2012’. [online] Available at URL: http://www. indexmundi. com/vietnam/demographics_profile. html ( Accessed on November 25 2012) Dung 2012, ‘Ngh? d? nh s? 31/2012/ND-CP c? a Chinh ph? : Quy d? h m? c l uong t? i thi? u chung’. [online] Available at URL: http://vanban. chinhphu. vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban? class_id=1&_page=1&mode=detail&document_id=157436 (Accessed on November 2012) Khoi 2007, ‘Gia nh? p WTO: Ngay l? ch s? c? a Vi? t Nam’. [online]Available at URL: http://vtc. vn/10-12223/quoc-te/tin-tuc/gia-nhap-wto-ngay-lich-su-cua-viet-nam. htm (Accessed on November 25 2012) Tu 2011, ‘L? m phat va lai su? t tin d? ng’. [online]Available at URL: http://www. baomoi. com/Home/TaiChinh/doanhnhansaigon. vn/Lam-phat-va-lai-suat-tin-dung/7280942. pi (Accessed on November 25, 2012) ‘ Moi lo lon : gia ca tang cao thu nhap tang cham† [online] Available at URL: http://vietbao. vn/Kinh-te/Gia-ca-tang-cao-thu-nhap-tang-cham-Moi-lo-lon/55145690/88/ (Accessed on November 23, 2012) ‘Noi va lam: thu nhap vietnam gia ca quoc te’ [online] Available at URL  : http://vef. vn/2012-04-01-noi-va-lam-thu-nhap-viet-nam-gia-ca-q uoc-te (Accessed on November 23, 2012) ‘Sua kem chat luong, banh keo qua ‘dat’ tran lan’ [ online] Available at URL: http://vietbao. vn/Kinh-te/Sua-kem-chat-luong-banh-keo-qua-dat-tran-lan/20438509/87/ (Accessed on November 22, 2012) So sanh cac doanh nghiep banh keo hang dau vietnam’ [online] Available at URL: http://gafin. vn/20120701021441520p0c36/so-sanh-cac-doanh-nghiep-banh-keo-hang-dau-viet-nam. htm (Accessed on November 23, 2012) ‘Banh keo kinh do/ gioi thieu’ [online] Available at URL: http://www. vinacorp. vn/stock/hose-kdc/banh-keo-kinh-do/gioi-thieu (Accessed on November 19, 2012) ‘Vietnam- thi truong banh keo tiem nang’ [online] Available at URL: http://www. baomoi. com/Viet-Nam–thi-truong-banh-keo-tiem-nang/50/3279233. epi ( Accessed on November 22, 2012)

Recruitment Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Recruitment - Thesis Example The current project highlights the problem faced by Zuko, a Chinese software company, in the process of recruitment and selection of candidates. The China-based company through efficient software services has served millions of customers successfully over last ten years. The company was one of the most profit-making organizations in the country until it faced a downfall due to the faculty recruitment and selection process. Zuko was the leader in the IT industry, but a number of companies had surpassed this status owing to sound HR policy. The company had a large customer base and is trying to increase the same after the short hiatus due to problems associated with the recruitment and selection procedure. Zuko had failed to achieve its goals as intended. The management of the Chinese company is giving the effort to boost the organizational competence with increasing rivalry in the market. The HR managers of Zuko want to overcome the problem through external recruitment and selection o f candidates. The research topic will primarily focus on problems present in the process of recruitment and selection. The current paper intends to explore problems associated with the process of recruitment and selection in Zuko. The issue related to the selection of the employees from external sources is identified as a crucial aspect of facilitating long-term organizational success and growth. The company eventually witnessed a fall in the profit margins and realized the necessity of hiring more employees from outside sources.

Medicare Budget Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medicare Budget Crisis - Essay Example Critics claim that America’s medical system is one of the failing ones mainly because of its expenditure and lack of autonomy on the responsible parties. As of today, about 44 million Americans (approximately 16 percent) lack any sort of medical insurance (Taylor, 2012). This is extremely absurd given that the government strives a lot to see its subordinates sustain their health. This paper will seek to discuss five Medicaid suggestions set forth by five different senators and provide one more suggestion, which appears more substantial when implemented. Senator 1 Senator 1 suggested to the Congress that the government should pass the cost of Medicaid to the states. A closer outlook into this suggestion shows that passing the cost of Medicaid to the states would have negative implications since studies show that most of these states might not be in a position to settle the expenses (Arnold, R2011). Even though this may seem hard and somewhat intolerable, the brighter part of th e suggestion posits that the government will be able to provide medical assistance to its citizens without many huddles. This is so because the states will be the ones responsible for their own medical expenses, which is more considerable when compared to the former (White, 2003). This is an indication that this suggestion is advantageous to the government and the citizens as well as the states since it is a way of distributing resources to the states. It facilitates easier access to medical aid to every state’s people making it reliable and affordable (Arnold, 2010). Nevertheless, noting that this suggestion is disadvantageous to agencies involved is crucial. If the government happens to resolve into passing on medical care cost to the states, many injustices will take place (Taylor, 2012). For one, the cost of settling any medical expenses incurred or getting medical insurance would be very high and therefore the states would not be able to cater for its citizens. Generally , the cost of Medicaid would only be worse due to its high cost when passed on to the state’s budget structure (Arnold, 2010). According to senator one, passing on the cost of Medicaid to the states would indicate that very many Americans would fail to cater for their medical care hence go for years without health care. This is very taunting to many citizens, as they would face difficulties when it comes to Medicaid (Arnold, R2011). Senator 2 With reference to the current system of medical care in the US, senator two’s suggestion is very relevant and advantageous to almost every American. Based on the idea that the government must alter the definition of some identification such as â€Å"poor† into those people who are virtually homeless, it is seeable that the government can save the presumed amount, which is $500 billion (Taylor, 2012). Altering the Medicaid qualifications is an advantage that the government may consider putting into place if it wishes to have its cost of health care decline and pave way for easier allocation of budget to other departments within the government (White, 2003). Additionally, lowering the threshold line, which is set by the Federal Poverty Line, can end up being a very essential tool towards realizing the predetermined savings amount in the Medicaid sector (Arnold, R2011). On the other end, understanding that the second suggestion can come along with several negative effects is of great essence to every party involved. In any case, if the government results into implementing

Improv Show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Improv Show - Essay Example As for the demographics of the audience, it may be necessary to state there were mainly people in their twenties and thirties. People of all ethnic backgrounds were present, but the audience was mostly white. Everyone seemed to be aware of the modern culture; so, the people were quite young. Speaking of my seat, I would like to not that it was located in close proximity to the action. Of course, I was not able to get the front row, but I was sitting close the aisle; so, I had a better view of the scene. It must be noted that the space of the HUGE theatre is contrary to its name, meaning it is not very big; that is why any person could have said that he or she was sitting close to the action. Just like many people around me I did not dress up. I did understand that I was going to attend a theatre, but neither I nor my companion had a thought of dressing up. I believe that improvisation theatre is the next generation of this art and one of the peculiarities of it lies in the fact that dressing up in not required. Keeping this in mind, one should also spare some words about parking. Most of the people shared cars; so, there were not many vehicles in the parking lot. In addition to that, there were no expensive cars: people of the same socioeconomic class attended the concert so there was not need to show off. So, it may be rather advantageous to mention there was some music before the show. It was ambient and was not very loud. However, it set the distinct spirit of optimist for the audience. People were moving around and the music was playing; so, everyone waited for the show to start. I believe that this affected by experience of the show quite a low since it contributed to the formation of the good mood and I could appreciate the performance that I was about to see. Of course the latter would have been enjoyable without

Cancer Pain Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cancer Pain - Literature review Example The nurses need to understand how to apply their clinical knowledge in the management of pain by identifying the type of pain patient presents with, along with the right medication or treatment strategy to manage it. MANAGEMENT OF CANCER PAIN Pain is one of the most common features of cancer, but it can present itself at any stage and can be both acute and chronic in type. Around 90% of the patients with cancer are likely to experience certain type of pain. This severity is likely to increase should proper medication is not given at the right time (Cancer Pain Overview, 2011). Defined as a physiological identification of a series of electrical and chemical events, pain can take many shapes and levels of severity. Not only the cancer itself but also other clinical situations may cause pain, which may or may not be related to the disease. These may include surgery, use of certain medications and the effects of radiation therapy (Cancer Pain Overview, 2011). Nurses come across the manag ement of pain very regularly, not only in cancer, but also in other care aspects as well. However, cancer pain management is much more challenging due to the constantly changing dynamics of health of the cancer patients. Many reports reveal that although pain is the most common complaint one presents with, it often is not managed properly, with the result that patients do not find complete relief from their ailment (Pain Management, nd). Nurses therefore, have been working on this area of research and creating ways to identify best practices of controlling and eliminating pain, with ease to both the staff and the patient (Zepettella, 2009). The intensity of pain can be of many types and durations, and based on these two factors, the treatment therapy and approach is determined. Patients may have varying types and intensities of pain within the same day, therefore, it is important to analyze and identify they type of pain they are experiencing. At one moment the pain may be regular p ain that is a feature of the normal body. At the other moment, the pain may be of breakthrough kind (Zepettella, 2009). Still other type of pain may be taking place due to pressure on the surrounding structures. Therefore, the key need by nursing professionals will be to correctly analyze the type, severity, duration and cause of pain. There are many concerns that nurses may have regarding provision of pain medication. Nurses are concerned that providing high doses of medication can lead to substance abuse among patients. They also believe that pain should be treated when it occurs and unnecessary medication before the onset of pain is unnecessary. Nurses believe that pain should be physically expressed in order to receive the medication, and that patients may exaggerate their level of pain, which may lead to overdose. These and other such reasons may make nurses hesitate in providing pain medication or high doses of pain medication to their patients (Pain Management, nd). The pain in cancer can be of many types, and the chief determinant is the location where the tumor is expanding along with the regional structures that may be affected by it. Types of pain in cancer from can include nerve and bone pain, soft tissue pain, phantom pain and referred pain respectively (Zepettella, 2009). Some of the common reasons that can trigger such pain include blocked blood vessels in the tumor region, leading to poor circulation of blood, fracture of bones mostly

Securities Markets 2 (Assignment) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Securities Markets 2 ( ) - Assignment Example The parent company of CAO is China National Aviation Fuel Group Corporation (CNAF), which is the largest state owned enterprise in PRC region (Prima Professional, n.d). The parent company is a well-known aviation transportation and logistics service provider in PRC. CNAF owns 51% of total shares that are issued by CAO. The year, 2005, was not at all good for CAO, since it had to face a loss of $550 million (China Daily Information Company, 2007). The situation led to the collapse of the institution, until it was revived by its parent company. The facts that are learnt from performance of CAO, regarding valuation of derivative, are elaborated in this section (Ernst & Young Global Limited, 2014). The CAO, in the initial period of their business, â€Å"traded in over-the-counter (OTC) swaps and exchange-traded futures† for protecting their business from risks associated with procurement of oils. The company purchased and sold risk free options on behalf of airline companies, who are their clients. So, there is a good source of income for CAO from the bid-ask spread, without exposing the company to vitality of the oil markets. During the third quarter of 2003, the company started to conduct options trades as speculators for earning profit from constructive market movements, which was observed in the oil-related commodities market. The company had started trade on the belief that oil prices will move upward. The trading strategy indicated purchase of call option and sale of put option simultaneously (Amato and Gyntelberg, 2005). Thus, it created a synthetic long position in the oil market, without purchasing the commodity outright. When price of the oil increased, the ca lls, which were purchased earlier, exercised at a profitable rate. The puts were not exercised and the company profited from premiums, which were collected from the options at the time of sale (IBS Case Development Centre, 2010). The put that were sold in the security market were not

Evaluate the importance of regular exercise Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the importance of regular exercise Essay In recent years, the awareness of the importance of public health has increased significantly and maintaining a healthy body and mind is undoubtedly everyone’s daily wishes. Doing exercise is one of the ways to help people to fulfill their dreams as it can strengthen our body and improve our mind. The effectiveness of the aids from the state to help achieving the goal efficiently has also been put on the public’s discussion table. In this essay, will first examine the importance of exercise, following by analyzing how both Hong Kong and British government plays their role in ensuring its citizens exercise regularly and suggesting some follow-up actions. To begin with, doing exercise can help to improve our health condition and makes us stronger. Exercise can be divided into four categories: endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility which will give us benefits if we can finish them all. (Go4Life n.d.) Researches. (Mayo clinic 2014) has shown that working out will on one hand lower stress and on the other hand in reduce body fat which will makes us look fitter and healthier. Once body fat is reduced, it can also lower the blood pressure and maintain a smooth circular blood flow. Threats posed to our body due to high blood pressure can be ceased for example strokes. Moreover, exercise shows a negative relationship with depressions. Endorphin is a hormone released when doing exercise which has a positive impact on our mood by making us happier and reducing rates of depression. This shows that the more we work out, the higher the level of happiness we can gain. Endorphins will diminish the perception of pain in brain will leads to positive feelings. (WebMD 2014) Social circle can also be widened when doing exercise as some of them require team work and players will have to co-operate with each other which increases their cohesions and boost their relationships. Take playing basketball as an example, team players will  have to communicate and trust each other and pass the ball to one another so as to gain goals. Strong social support which resulted can reduce the chance of depression as ones attention has been increased. By contrast, without any work out may lead to suicide in some extreme cases. Studies done by Dhaval and Inas shows that there i s a direct relationship between overweight status, depressive disorders, and suicidal behaviors. Overweight adolescents will have a low self-esteem as they are labeled as â€Å"fat boy† which makes them having a weak self-confidence and body dissatisfaction. (Dhaval Inas 2009) As exercising can relate to life and death issues, it proves that it is of high importance that regular exercises are needed to maintain our body health. Next, the government should also play an important role in dealing with healthcare issue of citizens. According to recent reports, (Ko 2010; Chapman 2014) both Hong Kong and Britain are facing a problem of increased death rates due to obesity. This is mainly due to the increasing personal populous and changing in lifestyle characteristics with reduced in physical activity but increase in food intake which results in chronic diseases. With reference to the Hong Kong government’s official website, it has made a step forward to tackle this problem by introducing the National Fitness Day on 8th August annually (GovHK 2010). This offers its local citizens in free of charge sporting experience in appointed sports center in 18 districts of Hong Kong for example dancing play-in, fitness corner and some fitness and health talk and workshops. Parent-child activities are also available which can promote their relationships. Through this event, it can surely arouse the publics’ att ention in doing sports and even increases their own interest in developing certain type of sports. However, British government only did limited actions in developing citizens’ sportsmanship with the exception of London Olympics 2012 (Olympic.org 2013) which reveals more Britain are dead due to overweight and obese kept increasing and the figure is even 50 percent more when comparing to France as Chapman said. It is believed the British government should take Hong Kong as a reference to ensure its citizens involve in sports more often. By introducing reward system can increase their attention in doing sports and they will be more willing to do so. Also, public sports centers with low membership fees can  also be established so as to help low income families to enjoy this entertainment in low cost. Promotions and advertisements are needed so more people will know about it and raise their awareness of it. Due to the high authority of the government, it will hopefully help to promote exercise in Britain more effectively and testify to the success of Hong Kong in promoting spo rts to its residences. In addition, citizens maintaining good health will also benefit the state. With a poor health condition, worker will result in absentee from work and will decrease the productivity of the firm. (Krol at el., 2012) During the absent period, it may be difficult for the company to find a perfectly suitable substitute as the productivity loss will be unpredictable as workers are not assigned to the right jobs. Profits will be lost and reduces the economic growth of the nation (Wei at el., 2011). Also, as mentioned earlier, suicide incidents of workers can also affect the company. Foxconn, the production factory of Apple products is one of the place where often heard of workers there committed suicide due to poor working conditions and loneness ( BBC 2010). This will in no doubt damage the reputation of the firm and affect sales. However, if there can be enough work out for the labor, they will feel less stressed and more happy to work. Unwanted accidents can be avoided. One of the main responsibilities of citizens is to contribute to the society that we should produce to the profit maximizing output to help maintaining the labor force of our place to maintain efficiency. With good health, workers are able to work more efficiently as they can perform well and show their own talents. Productivity will then increase as a result of stimulating economic growth which will benefits the society. With better economic conditions, people are able to afford their own lives and have a higher standard of living. In order to avoid ceasing production process and reducing efficiency of firms, the government to a high extent should be responsible to regulate rules to help its citizens in public health issues. However, some may argue that it is our own responsibility to stay healthy which means we should not rely on the state. Health is a long-term investment which can be determinates by ourselves and we are personally  responsible daily. Some may also say that (Sherman 2012) good health will be attained if effort is given and we prioritize it well. Long-term effort is needed so as to balance our body, mind and effort. Exercise is a personal activity which depends on the individual willingness. If the government force them to work out, they may feel discontented and conflicts between the two parties will exist. Costs will be involved in dealing with the disputes which exploits interests of them. Furthermore, people may think that they will have their own practice to maintain health for example controlling their diet such as following the food pyramid (GovHK 2012). Parents also play vital role in dealing with the health conditions of their children. Healthy lifestyle practices should be n urtured since small so they will pay more intention to that even when they grow up. In addition, supports from schools should also be given to students for example setting up more physical education classes and also extra-circular activities related to sports so as to increase their amount of physical exercise. It is undouble that teaching from parents to their children is the most effective way to convey the idea of health to them as most children tend to listen to their parents more than anyone else. Therefore some believe that it is not the state’s responsibility and it should not intervene with people’s daily routines. To conclude, although some people may be dissatisfied if the government meddle with their exercise pattern, it is of paramount importance which the state should be responsible to deal with the health issues of its citizens as this is one of its responsibilities. If the state help to preserve the public’s exercising rhythm, it can reduce the disease-related problems and it is much easier for the state to intervene due to its high authority. At the same time, it will also bring positive impacts like increasing productivity which benefits the society. As a result, to a large extent the state should help in ensuring its citizens exercise regularly in order to maintain a good health. Reference List 1. Blanch, B, 2010. Foxconn suicides: Workers feel quite lonely. BBC online, [online] 28 May 2010. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10182824 [16 May 2014]. 2. Chapman, J, 2014. Britains obesity death rate. [online] Available at: [Accessed 04 May 2014] 3. Dhaval, D and Inas, R., 2009. Overweight status, self-perception, and suicidal behaviors among adolescents. Social Science Medicine, [e-journal]. 68(9) Available through: Lancaster University Library website [Accessed 15 February 2014]. 4. Go4Life n.d., 4 Types of Exercise. [online] Available at: [Accessed 12 May 2014] 5. GovHK, 2010. Sport For All Day on August 8 promotes benefits of regular exercise. [online] Available at: [Accessed 10 6. GovHK, 2012. The Food Pyramid -A Guide to a Balanced Diet. [online] Available at: http://www.cheu.gov.hk/eng/info/exercise_07.htm [Accessed 10 May 2014] 7. Krol, M ; Brouwer, W ; Severens, J ; Kaper, J ; Evers, S., 2002. Productivity cost calculations in health economic evaluations: Correcting for compensation mechanisms and multiplier effects. Social Science Medicine, [e-journal] Abstract only. Available through: Lancaster University Library website http://onesearch.lancs.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=5tabs=detailsTabct=displayfn=searchdoc=TN_sciversesciencedirect_elsevierS0277-9536(12)00553-9indx=3recIds=TN_sciversesciencedirect_elsevierS0277-9536(12)00553-9recIdxs=2elementId=2renderMode=poppedOutdisplayMode=fullfrbrVersion=5dscnt=1scp.scps=scope%3A%2844LAN_ALMA_DS%29%2Cscope%3A%2844LAN_ML_DS%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fefrbg=tab=quicksearchdstmp=1400453092549srt=rankmode=Basicdum=truetb=tvl(freeText0)=absenteeism%20productivityvid=LUL_VU1 [Accessed12 May 2014]. 8. Ko, G, 2010. Obesity in Hong Kong Risk and Burden. [online] Available at: [Accessed 15 May 2014] 9. MAYO Clinic, 2014. Exercise: 7 benefits of regular physical activity. [online] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048389 [ Accessed 10 May 2014] 10. Olympic.org, 2013. London 2012. [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 May 2014] 11. Sherman, S, 2012. Healing, Health and Self-responsibility. [online] Available at: [Accessed 11 May 2014] 12. WebMD, 2014. Exercise and Depression. [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 February 2014]. 13. Zhang, W ; Bansback, N and Aslam H.A.,2011. Measuring and valuing productivity loss due to poor health: A critical review. Social Science Medicine, [e-journal] 72(2), 185-192. Available through Lancaster University Library website [15 May 2014]

Order to create comedy Essay Example for Free

Order to create comedy Essay Bob Acres is seen as a comic character within The Rivals and this is for various reasons. He communicates a contrast between town and country, which immediately depicts Acres as a target for humour. I want my audience to find sympathy with the character and his nai ve attitude towards town life, this will be achieved by Acres creating comic moments within scenes and becoming a victim. For the role of Acres I feel he would be a small man, in build and height with an attractive face. This would emphasise his cowardice, particularly within the duel scene. I would like Bob Acres mannerisms and movement to take on an effeminate, almost foppish characteristic, yet I would like the character to appear uncomfortable with taking on these mannerisms as it will create the effect of comedy with Acres not fully being able to take on town life and show his country booby characteristics. I feel Acres accent should have a slight lilt of a Northern accent, again to create humour and show his country origin. With Acres having an accent, I think this would make his endeavour at imitating the speech patterns of town life more comic as the stereotype carried with the accents completely contrasts his speech pattern, particularly when using his genteel sentimental swearing If I were to perform the role of Bob Acres I would employ various styles of comedy to create the comic effect of Acres on the audience. Physical, visual comedy would be the key style, concentrating on the characters physicality. As Acres is trying to fit in with the town lifestyle his costume would be the foremost source of comedy that the audience would recognise. The Rivals is a comedy of manners and in the period in which it was written fashion was seen as very important. Wigs were worn and the dress style was very loud and flamboyant. When the audience first meet Acres I would want to create the impression of a country bumpkin immediately so that the next time he is introduced the contrast will be great therefore causing much humour. In Act 1 I would have materials such as tweed and very exaggerated styles associated with people who live in the country. To contrast this I would want my costume to be greatly exaggerated using absurd colours such as purple and yellow silk, with a great deal of lace trimming to represent Acres outlandish approach. I would also uses wigs to represent his outrageous take on fashion, by using a very large, sensational wig. The effect I wish to have with this is once the audience have discovered the humour and comedy of Acres they would rake pity on the character. It would also allow the audience to see Acres disastrous attempt at becoming a man of fashion. At heart I feel Acres is a good hearted man and would play him thus, this is show in his perseverance to fit in with his friends, Absolute and Faulkland. This simplicity of the character again creates sympathy between the actor and the audience, mainly due to the comedy created by him. Acres also has a range of scenes when interacting with characters that would help create comedy. In Act 2 Scene 1 in Captain Absolutes lodgings, Acres relays information about Julia to Faulkland. I would have Acres does this in a very jovial tone, making of use hand movements and open body language to exaggerate Julias merriment. This would show Acres tactless, clumsy nature as he would be oblivious to Faulklands reaction, the audience however would see the effect it had on him and finding it a comic moment. The audiences sympathy would spark again from Acres naivety. Although Acres appears to be ridiculous in his behaviour he does try to maintain the concept of honour by challenging Ensign Beverly to a duel. This in turn proves to show more of the cowardly humour within him. When he is talking to Jack Absolute I would play Acres as being very nervous and uneasy, trying to show a guise of false bravery. This would add to the humour of the scene as his attempts at trying to be brave would be failing, which the audience will recognise and find humour within it. At closer inspection of Acres discomfort the audience again would be made to feel sympathy with this character. The final duel scene within the play would also reinforce the characteristics. He would again show his nervous characteristics by trying to avoid fighting and showing his inexperience at duelling. Firstly when Sir Lucius is trying to show Bob the distance the duellists must stand from each other, when this is happening I would have Acres trying to get as far away from the gun as possible, firstly by walking as far from Lucius as possible, and running around him dodging the barrel of the pistol. When Acres takes the pistol, I would play him very apprehensive of holding the pistol, having a limp wrist when holding it so it would droop to show Acres inexperience again. This would also create humour within the audience as the visual comedy would be almost farcical and highly entertaining as well and creating sympathy for the character and his tense situation. I feel the comedy would assist in this characters portrayal as any victim of humour can manipulate the audience, particularly if they display and innocence similar to Bob Acres.

A Study On Elizabethan Love Sonnets

A Study On Elizabethan Love Sonnets Our anthology of Renaissance poetry focuses on the Elizabethan period and in particular the sonnet as a genre. Furthermore, we have focused on the theme of love as a dominant trend through the sonnets of this time as it will provide a familiar yet central introduction to the Renaissance period for first year college students. Under the parameters of the theme of the love sonnet we have chosen to concentrate on love as a tool for courtship, the poets attempt to immortalise his beloved through verse, love conquering depression and the link between love, sex and sexuality which is obvious in the Renaissance period. Using sonnets from Shakespeare, Sidney, Donne and Spenser, we aim to provide a clear rationale as to why the love sonnet really was representative of the Elizabethan era and of the English Literary Renaissance on a broader scale. Along with the advancement of Renaissance Italian poetry came the introduction of the love sonnet, a genre which developed through the English Literary Renaissance from Sidneys time and reached its peak with Shakespeare. â€Å"There are periods in the history of any literature when what poets need most is a formal convention which will enable them to study the demands of the medium quite objectively, with a craftsmans eye, and prevent them from merely splashing about in a language that has not been tempered to meet the precise curve of the meaning. The sonnet form met this need for English poets in the sixteenth century†. (Daiches, 1960, 150) Although the English Literary Renaissance developed further after the Elizabethan period, we feel that the sonnet is representative of Renaissance. The sonnet as a genre represents the development in the cultural in Elizabethan time spanning from ranging from Sidney to Shakespeare. Sir Philip Sidney first introduces the sonnet to Elizabethan England, demonstrating a strict adherence to the Petrarchan sonnet, both in form and content. This can be seen in the use of unrequited love in Sidneys collection of sonnets Astrophil and Stella continuing to the later stages of the Elizabethan era with Shakespeare and his interpretation of the sonnet, the Shakespearean sonnet. The difference mainly revolves around the poets ideas of love and how it should be defined. In Shakespeares Sonnet 130, the poet represents the shift from traditional views of the definition of idyllic love, where beauty is defined by a womans perfect outward beauty. â€Å"My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips red; If snow be white, why her breasts are dun† which is in direct conflict with the unrequited love or chivalri c love presented in the earlier Sidney sonnets. In this way it can be argued that Shakespeare represents the development of the sonnet over the span of the Elizabethan period and as such gives a great introductory insight into how love was treated in the Renaissance as a whole. Similarly, although Spensers Sonnet 54 does not flatter the object of his affection in the usual Renaissance manner, it is clear his love is for the woman is strong. A typical use of Elizabethan love sonnets is as a courting mechanism for the poet; a tool for which he can woo his beloved. While Sonnet 54 is unflattering on a surface level, Spenser connects with the object of his affection on a deeper level, a method which may have made a stronger impression on her. Another aspect of Elizabethan love sonnets is the poets attempt to immortalise his beloveds beauty and the love he had for the subject through verse. Edmund Spensers Sonnet 75 and Sonnet 79 are perfect examples of this. Sonnet 75 has a reflective, pensive tone as while it celebrates the beauty of his lover, it laments the transience of the human condition, something which is characteristic of Renaissance poetry. Similarly, Sonnet 79 is a celebration of the poets beloved, but unlike Sonnet 75, Spenser wants to immortalise her inner beauty. We felt that this was important as it is not representative of Elizabethan poetry, yet shows that the poets have the capacity to delve deeper than the celebration of physical beauty. Often we are presented with an image of the Elizabethan poet in a transitory state of depression which he knows will dissipate in time because his wife ultimately makes him the happiest in this world. Sonnet 34 by Spenser likens the poet to a ship lost at sea during a storm at the worst of times. â€Å"The Amoretti describes the growth of the poets love, moving from lust, the desire for possession of the beloved, to charity, the experience of the Not-self. The character of the lady in the sequence is static because her virtue is perfect from the beginning.† (Benson, 1972, 185) Shakespeares Sonnet 14 â€Å"In a period where gender identity is so crucial, where being a man (or woman) has such profound meanings, and where these roles were heavily discussed, it seems improbable that there was not a sense of sexual consciousness.† (Hattaway, 2000, 685) This improbability is confirmed by the love sonnets of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare sonnets can be split up into three different sections. Sonnets 1 126 are thought to have been addressed to a young male, whom in Shakespeares eyes has outstanding physical and intellectual attributes. Although requited love was a theme of Elizabethan love poetry, many poems have been dedicated to unrequited love. Sonnet 30 from Spensers Amoretti describes the struggle of a poet who courts a woman who is not in love with him. Using the familiar metaphor of fire and ice and how they are incompatible, he describes his heated fire-like affection and longing for the woman but cannot understand her cold, detached and ice-like distance from him. Spensers incredulousness at the way in which his courtship did not melt her cold heart is significant as it gives a modern audience an insight into Elizabethan love as a whole; women had more influence over who could court them than is perceived in modern culture. â€Å"Obviously enough, if we read the lady of the Amoretti as a type of Beatrice, all of the sonnets which emphasize her apparent cruelty are in fact fitting expressions of the appro-priate and necessary reaction of perfection to imperfection.† (Benson, 1972, 186) In this same w ay, Sidneys Sonnet 31 from Astrophil and Stella portrays exasperation with its subject for her lack of romantic interest. Had Stella paid attention to Astrophil by reading his sonnets dedicated to her, she would have realised the depth of his love for her and in due course returned it. Furthermore, this poem gives us a wonderful example of chivalric love and courtship that is typical of the Elizabethan age. â€Å"Physical union alone did not lead to this new form just as lust did not lead to virtuous love. Only from the latter-a love which was constant and true came the union of souls towards which the love of rational creatures was supposed to strive.† (Cirillo, 1969, 84) Bibliography Cirillo, A. C., The Fair Hermaphrodite: Love-Union in the Poetry of Donne and Spenser, 1969

The Readiness of Children to Step into the Classroom :: Child Development Education Psychology Essays

The Readiness of Children to Step into the Classroom Are parents ready to red shirt there children? No, I’m not talking about sports but kindergarten. Many parents are facing the issue of whether or not their children are ready for the big step into the classroom. Before entering kindergarten children need to develop their perceptual skill (depth perception). As humans we need depth perception for detection, discrimination, and identification of objects. Depth perception is a difficult topic to access due to the fact that the world is three dimensional and human visions are two dimensional. When transmitted to the brain, an image on the retina is not a picture; rather it is a pattern of nerve impulses, aroused by a light pattern that terminates in the visual area of the cerebral cortex. Through some activity of the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex, human beings apparently perceive the external world in a three-dimensional manner that is correlated with the retinal-image pattern in some orderly manner. Psychologists are particularly interested in the cues which enable people to perceive depth and distance. Stimulus patterns for arousing a depth experience occur when individuals are given specific cues. The cues may be monocular, effective when using one eye as well as two, or binocular, requiring the usage of both eyes. The cues may also be psychological, depending only on the visual image, or physiological, originating from the structure and movement of the eyes. In this paper I will explain perceptual development and how it relates to animals, infants, and blind infants. Infancy is the period of life in which development occurs most rapidly. Development occurs in a variety of different ways and has been categorized with the study of infancy into physical, motor, and perceptual development. Each of these forms of development occurs simultaneously and progress in each facilitates the progress of the other. There are many studies I will assess to further explain how they contribute to explaining the development of perception. In developing direct perception one must be able to directly perceive what the objects and surfaces in the environment are perceived as an action of affordances. An example of an affordance is stair climbing. Walking down a flight of stairs as an 18 month and adult are different. As an individual grows, perception of affordances might change. When climbing the stairs a person must be able to judge leg length to judge how they climb the stairs.

Irony, Images, and Illusions in Dover Beach :: Arnold Dover Beach Essays

Irony, Images, and Illusions in Dover Beach In the poem "Dover Beach" by Matthew Arnold there is a lot of irony, appeal to the auditory and visual sense, and illusions. The tone in this poem is very sad and dismal, but he shows us how to keep faith and hope in spite of that and how important being honest, true, and faithful to one another, really is. Throughout this poem, Arnold mentions all of these traits and ties them all together. The irony in this poem is the main plot of the poem. A man has taken a woman to a beautiful beach in France. There they look over the cliffs at the beautiful ocean, the moon is full and bright, and the night-air is calm and peaceful. She thinks that she is going to this romantic place to be wooed by this man. Instead he turns to her and talks to her about Sophocles. She, not understanding what exactly is going on, later realizes that he was getting to the point of having each other and always being there for one another. The poet uses visual and auditory images to mainly help the romantic, fantasy-like place. â€Å"The sea is calm, the tide is full† and â€Å"Of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling,† is an example of images that appeal to the visual sense. While â€Å" Where the sea meets the moon-blanched land† and â€Å"With tremulous cadence slow, and bring...† uses an auditory sense. â€Å"Come to the window, sweet is the night air,† can apply to both senses. Sweet can mean angelic or precious to qualify to be an visual image, or it can mean almost like a melodious tune. Illusions are used in this poem as deception for the girl that the man is trying to hold a non-romantic conversation with. A theory is portrayed in this poem by Plato, the world is an illusion. In many case this that falls true. In the first stanza of the poem , the surrounds of the two people is discussed. Words like calm, tranquil, sweet, and eternal, are used which seem to foreshadow a lovely romantic evening. As the poem continues on, the evening is spent talking about anything but love. The final topic of discussion goes much deeper than just love. They end up talking about how the world is sometimes so

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 37

This Square in My Hand My father refuses to go with Mom, so I put on the new suit she bought me earlier this month and accompany her to the candlelit Mass at St. Joseph's. It is a crisp night, but we walk the few blocks required, and soon we are in the very sanctuary where I was confirmed so many years ago. Rows of red and white poinsettias are lined up on the altar, and antique wrought-iron lamps stand guard at the ends of the pews, just like every other Christmas Eve. The candlelight makes the stone building look even more antiquated – almost medieval. And sitting down in the pew again reminds me of when Jake and I were just boys. We'd come to Christmas Eve Mass so excited for the next day, ready to tear into all those presents. But tonight it's just Mom and me, as Jake and Caitlin are spending Christmas Eve in New York City with Caitlin's parents, and Dad is home drinking beer. After some announcements and Christmas hymns, the priest talks about stars and angels and mangers and donkeys and miracles, and somewhere in the story, I start praying. Dear God, I know it would take a miracle to get Nikki to show up tomorrow at the place where we were engaged, but lucky for me, You and I both believe in miracles. As I sit here thinking about this, I wonder if You actually believe in miracles, since You are all-powerful and can do anything. So technically, Your making Nikki show up tomorrow or putting Baby Jesus inside of the Virgin Mary is no more difficult for You than, say, watching an Eagles game – which has been pretty easy since backup QB Jeff Garcia has managed to win three straight. It's sort of funny when I think about it now. If You created the world in only a week, sending Your Son down to do a mission must have been no sweat for You. But I am still glad You took the time to send Jesus to teach us all about miracles, because the possibility of miracles happening keeps a lot of people moving forward down here. I don't have to tell You that I have been working pretty hard on bettering myself since apart time began. I actually want to thank You for disrupting my life, because I would never have taken the time to improve my character if I did not get sent to the bad place, nor would I have met Cliff, or even Tiffany for that matter, and I know this journey has been for a reason. I trust that there is a divine plan in effect, and that is why I believe You will make sure Nikki shows up tomorrow. I want to thank You in advance for helping me get my wife back. I am looking forward to the years ahead, when I can treat Nikki how a woman should be treated. Also, if it is not too much trouble, please allow the Eagles to win on Christmas Day, because a win over the Cowboys will put the Eagles in first place and then my dad might be in a good mood and maybe he will even talk to Mom and me. It's strange, even with the Birds in play-off contention, Dad has been a grinch this holiday season, and it has really made Mom sad. I've caught her crying several times, but You probably already know that since You are all-knowing. I love You, God. I cross myself just as the priest finishes the homily, and then the candles are passed out and lighted while the people sing â€Å"Silent Night.† Mom is sort of leaning against me, so I throw an arm around her shoulder and give her a little squeeze. She looks up at me and smiles. â€Å"My good boy,† her lips mouth, bathed in candlelight, and then we both join in with the singing. My father is in bed asleep when we return home. Mom pours some eggnog and plugs in the lights, and we sip in the glow of the Christmas tree. Mom talks about all the ornaments Jake and I made as little kids. She keeps pointing to painted pinecones, little Popsicle-stick picture frames with our grade school photos inside, and reindeers made from clothespins and pipe cleaners. â€Å"Remember when you made this in so-and-so's class?† she keeps saying, and I nod every time, even though I don't remember making any of the ornaments. It's funny how Mom remembers everything about Jake and me, and somehow I know that Nikki will never love me as much – no matter how much I improve my character – and that's what I really truly love about my mom. Just when we are finishing the last sips of our eggnog, the doorbell rings. â€Å"Who could that be?† Mom asks in a dramatic way, suggesting she knows exactly who it could be. I start to get excited because I think that it might be Nikki, that Mom has arranged the best Christmas present ever. But when I answer the door, it's only Ronnie, Veronica, Tiffany, and little Emily. They all but skip into the foyer and start singing, â€Å"We wish you a Merry Christmas. We wish you a Merry Christmas. We wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.† At this point Tiffany stops singing, but Ronnie and Veronica continue to belt out the first verse, and my mother is all smiles as she listens to the good tidings they bring. Little Emily looks like an Eskimo, all bundled up, but her parents' singing makes her little round face look content. I can even see the Christmas tree lights reflected in her dark eyes. As they sing, Ronnie's family looks like a happy one, and I envy my friend. Tiffany is looking at her feet, but she rejoins the singing when they get to the chorus again. The song ends with Ronnie holding the last note too long, but my mother claps anyway, and then we are all seated around the Christmas tree drinking more eggnog. â€Å"Maybe you want to give your friends their presents,† Mom says. Mom had taken me shopping many times in the past few weeks, and we picked out presents for the people who have helped me get better, because Mom says it's important to recognize the special people in your life around the holidays. Cliff loved his Eagles dartboard, and it turns out that Veronica and Tiffany both like the perfume we purchased – thank God, as I did sniff just about every bottle in the Cherry Hill Mall. Ronnie loves the official NFL leather football I picked out for him so that he can work on his throws, and little Emily hugs the stuffed eagle wearing an Eagles jersey that I picked out special for her, and she even begins to chew on the yellow beak just as soon as she finishes ripping off the paper. For my mom's sake, I keep hoping my father might come downstairs and join the party, but he doesn't. â€Å"And we have a present for you too,† Ronnie tells me. â€Å"Come on, Em. Let's give Uncle Pat his present.† He hands Emily a box, which is too heavy for her to carry, even though she is walking pretty well now, so he and Emily both carry the present over to me. â€Å"For Pap!† Emily says, and then starts to rip off the wrapping paper. â€Å"You want to help me?† I ask her, and she tears the rest of the paper off as everyone watches. Once Emily finishes with the paper, I open the box and fish through the Styrofoam peanuts and find what feels like a plaque of some sort. I pull it out of the peanuts and can see it is a framed picture of Hank Baskett. He's in the end zone with a football in his hand. â€Å"It was taken during the Dallas game,† Ronnie says. â€Å"Read what's written on the picture,† says Veronica. To Pat, You're on the road to victory! Hank Baskett #84 â€Å"This is the greatest present ever! How did you get Baskett to sign the picture?† â€Å"Veronica's cousin's a barber,† Ronnie explains, â€Å"and one of his customers works for the Eagles promotions department, so we were able to pull a few strings. Vinnie said that this was the first request his contact got for a Baskett autograph, and Baskett was actually pretty excited to get a specific request, since his autograph is not in such high demand.† â€Å"Thanks, Ronnie,† I say, and then we give each other one-armed manly hugs. â€Å"Merry Christmas,† Ronnie says to me as he thumps my back. â€Å"Well, I hate to break up the party, but we need to get Emily in bed before Santa comes down the chimney,† Veronica says. As they put on their coats, my mom is putting their presents into a holiday bag with fancy handles and thanking everyone for coming over, saying, â€Å"You don't know how much it means to Pat and me. You've been so good to us this year. You're good people. All of you. Such great people.† And then Mom is crying again, saying, â€Å"I'm sorry. Thanks. Merry Christmas. Don't mind me. God bless you.† Just before everyone leaves, Tiffany grabs my hand, kisses me on the cheek, and says, â€Å"Merry Christmas, Pat.† When she pulls her palm away from mine, I have a square in my hand, but the look in Tiffany's eyes commands silence, so I stick the square in my pocket and say goodbye to Ronnie's family. I help my mother clean up the wrapping paper and empty eggnog mugs, and then she catches me under the mistletoe in the hallway. She's pointing up and smiling, so I kiss her good night, and she reaches up to hug me. â€Å"I'm so glad I have you in my life right now, Pat,† my mother says to me, flexing her arm muscles so hard, pulling my head down so that her shoulder juts up into my throat and it becomes a little harder to breathe. In my room, by the light of the electric Christmas candle Mom has stuck in my window for the holiday season, I unfold the note Tiffany passed me.

Outlin of an ICT project for a hairdressing business

The Hair Studio has recently opened in the local Sutton Coldfield neighbour hood. The Salon has been open for the past 6 months. This new Hair salon has a variety of products that it sells, such as hair and care product to enhance the hair and improve it also it has a selection of professionals that cut and do re-styling of the hair. The salon has been experiencing many problems in the past couple of months since it has opened. All the customer details have been stored in filing cabinets. The disadvantages of having the information of the customers stored in filing cabinets are that the cabinets take up space and too much room of the salon which may cause some inconvenience. There is also a probability that some of the customer details could get misplaced of even lost therefore this could lead to customer complaints. The reputation of the salon could lessen and this will affect the company sales and income. The hair salon is not efficient enough because other problems could occur such as double bookings this would cause confusion for the salon. The salon needs to advertise their business since it is new to the local area and they could do this by putting up poster and other methods such as making leaflets. The opening hours of the shop should be put on the salon door so the people are aware of the opening hours of the hair salon. I am an ICT specialist and I have been approached by the Hair Studio salon business and they have asked me to design an ICT solution which is a new system that will help salon to hopefully function more smoothly. This new ICT system that I will give the hair salon will help the business become more organised and can handle the client’s data more efficiently. The ICT system should make a huge difference to this business and the hair salon should have a vast benefit from the changes that will take place within it business. This will make the salon work more effectively and make the salon more reliable so this can fulfil customer loyalty and there will be no customer complaints. The new ICT should make a huge difference to the salon and solve all their problems at present. I am going to solve all these problems at present by using the ICT system which will allow the data of all the clients to be managed in a securely and safe way so no other person from a third party can enter the clients personal details. The system will be able to save and store the records of each client who comes to the hair salon frequently, and this will make it easier for the details to be handled by a member of staff. To make the information organised in a professional style I can make columns for the ICT system such as Name, Surname, Address, telephone/mobile number this will go under the personal details section and the other section will be where all the appointments will be booked in the appointment booking system. This will help the salon manage the details in an organised manner and there will be secure.

The Physiology of Fitness: The Body’s Acute Response to Exercise

UNIT 2 As soon as you begin to exercise changes begin to happen within your body. Body systems work together, to make sure that you have enough energy to perform. Body systems respond both in the Short and Long-term in response to exercise. It is important to understand the changes that happen to the body as a result of physical activity. You will understand the: Muscoskeletal, Cardiovascular and Respiratory responses to exercise through this unit As soon as you begin to exercise changes begin to happen within your body. Body systems work together, to make sure that you have enough energy to perform.Body systems respond both in the Short and Long-term in response to exercise. It is important to understand the changes that happen to the body as a result of physical activity. You will understand the: Muscoskeletal, Cardiovascular and Respiratory responses to exercise through this unit THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FITNESS CONTEXT SCENARIO You have been appointed as a Trainee Sports Therapist worki ng with the Sixth Form Sports Teams. As part of your role you need to work with players from the teams to look at the effects that exercise has on the body.You will need to look at the effects of exercise in both the short and long term and conduct some investigations to show the players the effects that exercise has on their bodies. UNIT 2 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FITNESS ASSESSMENT TASK 1(P1/P2/M1) The body’s acute response to exercise SCENARIO As a trainee Sports Therapist you have been asked to conduct some research into the short term effects of exercise on the following body systems (Muscoskeletal, Energy, Cardiovascular and Respiratory System). You need to feedback to the Senior Sports Therapist with your findings. * DESCRIBE the MUSCOSKELETAL and ENERGY systems response to acute exercise (P1) DESCRIBE the CARDIOVASCULAR and RESPIRATORY systems responses to acute exercise(P2) * EXPLAIN the response of the MUSCOSKELTAL, CARDIOVASCULAR and RESPIRATORY Systems to acute exercise ( M1 ) START DATE: HAND-IN DATE: START DATE: HAND-IN DATE: UNIT 2 ASSESSMENT TASK 1 (P1/P2/M1). HELPSHEET GRADING CRITERIA PASS| PASS| MERIT| P1: DESCRIBE the MUSCOSKELETAL and ENERGY systems response to acute exercise| P2: DESCRIBE the CARDIOVASCULAR and RESPIRATORY systems responses to acute exercise| M1: EXPLAIN the response of the MUSCOSKELTAL, CARDIOVASCULAR and RESPIRATORY Systems to acute exercise|USE OF KEY VERBS VERB| PLAIN ENGLISH| Describe| Try to â€Å"Paint a picture† in words. Assume that the person that you are Describing to does not know anything about the subject that you are describing. Tell them what you have learned. | Explain| Once you have described the subject, often you will need to give further details and reasons why. (e. g. ) Once you have described England’s poor performance in the World Cup, you may also give some reasons why the players did not perform as well as they could. | NO. | Learner Checklist(Steps to Success)| TICK WHEN COMPLETE| | | Learner| Assessor| | TITLE : The Body’s acute response to exercise| | | 2| Paint a picture of the effects that exercise has on the MUSCOSKELETAL system. Include the following: Increased Blood Supply, Increase in Muscle Pliability, Increased range of movement and Muscle Fibre Micro-Tears (e. g. ) Blood Supply increases to the muscles during exercise , this allows more oxygen to be delivered through the blood capillaries to fuel the muscles. Give further details and reasons why (where appropriate) for the effects on the MUSCOSKELTAL system. (e. g. )Dilation of the blood capillaries occurs this allows more blood to flow through the capillaries.This means that an increased amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged between the capillaries and skeletal muscle allowing energy production to increase and also to increase the speed at which waste is removed| | | 3| Paint a picture of the effects that exercise has on the ENERGY systems. Include the following: Phosphocreat ine, Lactic Acid and Aerobic Energy Systems, Energy Continuum and Energy requirement of different activities (e. g. ) Increased movement during exercise increases the demands on the body for energy. The Creatine Phosphate system can provide energy for High intensity activities lasting up to 10 seconds.The supply of Creatine Phosphate will deplete after 10 seconds however. | | | 4| Paint a picture of the effects that exercise has on the CARDIOVASCULAR system. Include: Anticipatory Response, Activity Response, Increased Blood Pressure, Vasoconstriction, and Vasodilation. (e. g. ) Heart Rate increases immediately as soon as you take part in physical activity. The heart beats more times each minute. This allows more blood containing oxygen to be delivered to skeletal muscles to allow them to create energy. Give further details and reasons why (where appropriate) for the effects on the Cardiovascular system. e. g. ) Vasoconstriction occurs where some blood vessels redirect blood away fro m areas where it is not needed. The diameter of the blood vessels is temporarily reduced so less blood will flow to certain areas. For example, when Cycling less blood is needed in the upper body in comparison to the leg muscles| | | 5| Paint a picture of the effects that exercise has on the RESPIRATORY system. Include the following: Increase in Breathing Rate, Increased Tidal Volume. (e. g. ) Breathing rate increases as an immediate response to exercise as more oxygen is needed by the body to roduce energy. More breaths and deeper breaths are taken in order to achieve this. Give further details and reasons why (where appropriate) for the effects on the Respiratory system. ( e. g. )The immediate increase in breathing rate is partly due to receptors in the muscles and joints sensing the increase in activity in these parts of the body and sending messages to the brain to increase the rate of breathing so that more oxygen can be delivered to the muscles and more carbon dioxide can be r emoved. | | | USE IMAGES TO MAKE YOUR WORK INTERESTING| UNIT 2 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FITNESSASSESSMENT TASK 2 (P3/P4/M2) The Long-term effects of Exercise SCENARIO To further your knowledge as a Trainee Sports Therapist, You have been asked to give a presentation to members of the Sixth Form Sports Teams to further their knowledge of how exercise affects their bodies over a period of time. Make sure that you cover the following as part of your presentation: * DESCRIBE the LONG-TERM effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal system and Energy Systems (P3) * DESCRIBE the LONG-TERM effects of exercise on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems (P4) EXPLAIN the LONG-TERM effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Energy Systems (M2) START DATE: HAND-IN DATE: START DATE: HAND-IN DATE: UNIT 2 ASSESSMENT TASK 2(P3/P4/M2). HELPSHEET GRADING CRITERIA PASS| PASS| MERIT| P3: DESCRIBE the LONG-TERM effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal system and Energy Systems| P 4: DESCRIBE the LONG-TERM effects of exercise on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems| M2: EXPLAIN the LONG-TERM effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Energy Systems| USE OF KEY VERBSVERB| PLAIN ENGLISH| Describe| Try to â€Å"Paint a picture† in words. Assume that the person that you are Describing to does not know anything about the subject that you are describing. Tell them what you have learned. | Explain| Once you have Described the subject, often you will need to give further details and reasons why. (e. g) Once you have described England’s poor performance in the World Cup, you may also give some reasons why the players did not perform as well as they could. | NO. | Learner Checklist(Steps to Success)| TICK WHEN COMPLETE| | | Learner| Assessor| | Assignment Title : The Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Body| | | 2| Paint a picture of the long-term effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal system. Include: Hypertrophy, Increase in Tendon Strength, Increase in Myoglobin Stores, Increased Mitochondria, Increased Glycogen and Fat Stores, Increased Muscle Strength, Increased tolerance to Lactic Acid, Increased Bone Calcium, Increased Ligament Stretch, Increased thickness of Hyaline Cartilage, Increased production of Synovial Fluid. (e. g. ) Muscle Hypertrophy – The size and bulk of the muscles increases.Use of the muscles causes them to tear through stress. The muscle tissue repairs itself and makes the muscle tissue bigger as a resultGive further details and provide reasons (Where appropriate). (e. g. ) Muscles become more efficient at using oxygen as a result of training. More Mitochondria are produced in muscle cells. These are the site where energy is produced and if more sites are available then more energy can be produced and therefore the muscles are able to work for longer due to the increased energy that is available to them. | | 3| Paint a picture of the long-term effects of exercise on the Energy systems. Include: Increased Aerobic and Anaerobic Enzymes, Increased use of Fats for energy. (e. g. )More Aerobic Enzymes are produced through aerobic exercise. These are able to breakdown glucose more effectively and efficientlyGive further details and provide reasons (Where appropriate). (e. g. )More Enzymes are also available to breakdown Fats. More body fat can be stored in muscles as a result of training. The enzymes mean that more fat can be used as an energy source, meaning that the athlete can compete for longer. | | 4| Give further details and provide reasons (Where appropriate) of the changes that happen to the Cardiovascular System. Include: Cardiac Hypertrophy, Increases in: Stroke Volume / Cardiac Output. Decrease in Resting Heart Rate, Capillarisation, Increase in blood volume, Reduced Resting Blood Pressure, Decreased recovery time and increased aerobic fitness. (e. g. )Cardiac Hypertrophy is when the heart muscle increases in size. The cardiac muscle in the Left Ventricle increases in thickness and is able to contract more forcefully.Like any other muscle, through stress from repeated training the heart responds by increasing in size. This affects Stroke Volume as the heart is able to pump more blood out with every beat at rest. In turn this affects Cardiac Output. | | | 5| Give further details and provide reasons (Where appropriate) of the changes that happen to the Respiratory System. Include: Increased -Vital Capacity/Minute Ventilation/Strength of Respiratory Muscles/Oxygen diffusion rate. (e. g. )Like the heart muscle the breathing muscles increase in size and become stronger through endurance training.The diaphragm and Intercostal muscles become stronger allowing the chest cavity to be able to expand more allowing more air and therefore oxygen to enter the lungs. Getting more oxygen into the lungs means that this can be converted into more energy. Therefore, endurance performers can last for longer| | | USE IMAGES TO MAKE YO UR WORK INTERESTING| UNIT 2 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FITNESS TASK 3 (P5/M3/D1) Investigating the effects of Exercise SCENARIO You have been asked to collect physiological data from the Sixth Form Sports Teams to assess the effects of exercise on the players within the teams.Make sure that you include the following: * Collect Physiological Data to investigate the effects of exercise on the muscoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory and energy systems, with tutor support (P5) * Collect Physiological Data to investigate the effects of exercise on the muscoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory and energy systems, with limited tutor support (M3) * Independently investigate the effects of exercise on the muscoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory and energy systems. (D1) START DATE: HAND-IN DATE: START DATE: HAND-IN DATE: UNIT 2ASSESSMENT TASK 3 (P5/ M3/D1). HELPSHEET GRADING CRITERIA PASS| MERIT| DISTINCTION| P5: Collect Physiological Data to investigate the effects of exercise on the muscoskel etal, cardiovascular, respiratory and energy systems, with tutor support| M3: Collect Physiological Data to investigate the effects of exercise on the muscoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory and energy systems, with limited tutor support| D1: Independently investigate the effects of exercise on the muscoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory and energy systems| USE OF KEY VERBSVERB| PLAIN ENGLISH| Investigate| To search out and look at the particular features of something. (e. g. )To search for the reasons why a team was defeated. This may be due to individual errors, a collective poor performance, a superb piece of play from the opposition etc†¦.. | NO. | Learner Checklist(Steps to Success)| TICK WHEN COMPLETE| | | Learner| Assessor| 1| Assignment Title: Investigating the effects of exercise| | | 2| Use some of the following types of exercise as the basis for investigating. (e. g. ) Aerobic, Resistance, Circuit, Interval. | | 3| Collect Pre-Exercise, Exercise and Post Exerci se and Physiological readings. (e. g. ) Heart Rate, Percentage of Maximum Heart Rate, Rate of perceived exertion, Blood Pressure, Flexibility, Spirometry. | | | UNIT 2 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FITNESS ASSESSMENT TASK 4 (P6/M4/D2) Reviewing Physiological Data SCENARIO Now that you have collected your data from the sixth form sports teams you need to conduct a review of the data, using the data that you collected to look at the effects of exercise on the body. Make sure that you include the following: REVIEW physiological data collected, DESCRIBING the effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Energy systems. (P6) * REVIEW physiological data collected, EXPLAINING the effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Energy systems. (M4) * REVIEW physiological data collected, ANALYSING the effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Energy systems. (D2) START DATE: COMPLETION DATE: START DATE: COMPLETION DAT E: UNIT 2 ASSESSMENT TASK 4 (P6/M4/D2). HELPSHEET GRADING CRITERIA PASS| MERIT | DISTINCTION|P6: REVIEW physiological data collected, DESCRIBING the effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Energy systems| M4: REVIEW physiological data collected, EXPLAINING the effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Energy systems| D2: REVIEW physiological data collected, ANALYSING the effects of exercise on the Muscoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Energy systems| USE OF KEY VERBS VERB| PLAIN ENGLISH| Describe| Try to â€Å"Paint a picture† in words. Assume that the person that you are Describing to does not know anything about the subject that you are describing.Tell them what you have learned. | Explain| Once you have Described the subject, often you will need to give further details and reasons why. (e. g) Once you have described England’s poor performance in the World Cup, you may also give some reasons w hy the players did not perform as well as they could. | Analyse| You need to SELECT the KEY POINTS and EXPLAIN each point providing REASONS for each point and also looking at POTENTIAL IMPACTS. (e. g. ) If you were looking at the performance of Barcelona you may pick out the key points in their success – Money, Lionel Messi, Iniesta etc..You would then explain the contribution of each player and also look at what the club could do to regain the Champions League next season| Review| Provide some feedback. Maybe focusing on good and bad points that you have noticed. | NO. | Learner Checklist(Steps to Success)| TICK WHEN COMPLETE| | | Learner| Assessor| 1| Assignment Title: Reviewing Physiological Data| | | 2| Using the data that you collected from your participants:Paint a picture in words of the effects of exercise that you observed. (e. g. ) Participant A – Pre Exercise Heart Rate – 65, Exercise Heart Rate 175, Post Exercise Heart Rate – 125.The participa nt’s heart rate increased as soon as exercise began. It reached a maximum of 175 during the continuous run. This shows that Heart Rate does increase during exercise as the body attempts to increase the delivery of oxygen to the working muscles. | | | 3| Using the data that you collected from your participants:Provide further details and give reasons (where appropriate) for the effects of exercise that you observed. (e. g. )During the Warm-Up prior to the circuit training session, Performer B’s RPE was 3. After 3 stations on the circuit this increased to 5. By station 8, the score had further risen to 7.On the last station of the second circuit, RPE increased to 9. 10 minutes after the session had finished RPE was 5. This shows that RPE increased as the intensity of exercise increased as the performer was working progressively harder. | | | 4| Select the KEY POINTS from your data and give REASONS for each point. (e. g. )Heart Rate increases during physical activity. Thi s seems to correspond with a similar rise in RPE. As the sports performers’ heart and other body systems are working harder the performer can physically feel this change and therefore reports an increase in RPE.Consider: Practicality of exercise activities selected, advantages and disadvantages, strengths and areas for improvement. (e. g. ) The Coopers Run doesn’t cost much to carry out. It can be participated in around a field or alike. It can be carried out in a relatively short time, with quite a large group of participants. It requires minimal equipment. However, when carrying out the test it is vital with regard to reliability and validity that the distance which the run is being taken has been measured accurately. Otherwise, participant’s results can be false. | | | USE IMAGES TO MAKE YOUR WORK INTERESTING|